Brazil saw average per capita household income increase in every one of its 26 states and the Federal District in 2025, data from the national household survey show, reflecting continued economic recovery under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva while underscoring persistent regional inequalities.
The findings, based on the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and reported in national outlets, measure income from all sources — wages, pensions, social benefits, rents and financial returns. Nationally, average per capita household income reached BRL 2,264 in 2025. Per capita household income is calculated by dividing the combined income of household members by the total number of residents, including children and elderly dependents.
The Federal District remained the wealthiest unit, with an average monthly income of BRL 4,401 per person. At the other end of the scale, Maranhão posted the lowest average of BRL 1,231, roughly 3.6 times less than the Federal District. Seven states still had average monthly incomes below BRL 1,500.
Regional disparities are stark. The Northeast and North registered the lowest regional averages, BRL 1,470 and BRL 1,558 respectively. By contrast, the South led with BRL 2,734, followed closely by the Central-West at BRL 2,712 and the Southeast at BRL 2,669.
The IBGE also reported on income concentration using the Gini index. Brazil’s national Gini stood at 0.511 in 2025 (where 0 indicates perfect equality and 1 maximum inequality). Regional Gini values varied as well: the Central-West recorded 0.506 and the South 0.458, illustrating differences in how income is distributed across the country.
Overall, the data point to broad-based gains in household income during the current cycle, but they also highlight a major policy challenge: narrowing deep, long-standing regional and social gaps in living standards despite aggregate improvements.
