Kathmandu [Nepal], April 23 (ANI): Air quality in Kathmandu sharply worsened over the past 24 hours, with the city ranking as the second most polluted in the world, according to IQAir data. The Air Quality Index (AQI) in Kathmandu was 247, behind Lahore, Pakistan, which recorded an AQI of 381. AQI readings above 200 are classed as very unhealthy and pose significant health risks for the general population.
PM2.5 — particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometres — is a particularly dangerous pollutant because it can bypass the nose and throat, penetrate the lungs and enter the bloodstream. These fine particles remain suspended in air, increasing the likelihood of inhalation.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency’s AQI scale, readings of 151–200 are unhealthy, causing problems for everyone and more severe effects in sensitive groups. Readings of 201–300 are very unhealthy, increasing health risks for all, while levels above 300 are hazardous and cause serious health effects across the population.
Kathmandu, covering 413.69 square kilometres, has become a pollution hotspot in the last decade. The city has a population of 1,988,606 (2022 census) and a high population density, which exacerbates pollution exposure. Major contributors include industrial and household smoke, vehicle emissions, and uncontrolled waste burning. Vehicles that fail emission tests further increase pollutant loads.
Nepal’s Ministry of Health estimates air pollution causes 42,000 deaths annually in the country; 19 percent of those deaths are children under five and 27 percent are people over 70. The ministry says air pollution has reduced life expectancy in Nepal by 4.1 percent. Nepal’s air quality remains far worse than World Health Organization guidelines, creating a growing public health crisis.
Health experts warn prolonged exposure to high pollution can lead to respiratory illnesses, worsen cardiovascular and lung diseases, and increase long-term health risks. Children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing conditions are most vulnerable. Authorities have urged residents to limit outdoor activities, wear masks, and follow advisories during severe pollution episodes. Environmentalists call for stricter enforcement of emission standards, better urban planning, and sustainable transport solutions to address the crisis. (ANI)
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